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World War 2: Prisoners of War at Great Packington and Overseas.

cw: human rights abuses, war.

Fighting men being taken as prisoners of war and deprived of their liberty is one of the many consequences of war and the small parish of Great Packington in Warwickshire has not escaped the impact of it. For the Second World War, both sides of the conflict are represented in the history of the area, from Germans stationed after the war in a POW camp to soldiers from the area being taken prisoner by Allied forces whilst serving overseas.  

Great Packington soldier becomes a Japanese Prisoner of War.

The Empire of Japan fought with the military coalition of the Axis powers (also Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy) during the Second World War. Japan had had signed, but never ratified, the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929) and did not follow the Hague Conventions. The Japanese Imperial armed forces considered surrender dishonourable and are known to have treated prisoners brutally, subjecting prisoners to beatings, death marches, extrajudicial punishment, executions, forced labour (such as constructing bridges or railways), medical experimentation, starvation rations and poor medical treatment. Many Westerners also suffered from diseases while imprisoned, were bitten by mosquitos, or suffered from beriberi (caused by a lack of vitamin B1) as a result malnourishment, because the Japanese predominately fed the prisoners on rice alone. It has been estimated that as many as 27% of the British POWs and 40% of the American POWs held by the Japanese died during their incarceration and many suffered with tropical diseases long after the war. 

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A man from Great Packington became a Prisoner of War in Japan and luckily survived. 

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Credit: National Archives and FindMyPast.

Frank Walters was born in Warwickshire on 25 February 1917 to Frank Walters and Florence Maud Walters née Singleton. He worked as an accountant for a local Building Society and can be found in the 1939 Register living with his parents and younger brother in Meriden, Warwickshire. 

 

Frank enlisted with the 18th Division, Royal Corps of Signals during World War 2, who were a combat support arm of specialist soldiers for the army. The Division served in the Malayan Campaign in the Far East. Frank was captured at the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942 and became a Japanese Prisoner of War. The Allied defeat at Singapore has been called a 'tragedy' and 'disaster' and 127,000 British and British Commonwealth troops were taken prisoner.

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Little is known of Frank's time incarcerated and a Liberation questionnaire has not been found for him at the National Archives or in Ancestry's digitisation of their records. However, his Japanese index card is held at the National Archives at Kew, Surrey, and he is mentioned in local newspapers in Coventry through family notices. Other men from the 18th Division who were also Japanese POWs are known to have been firstly imprisoned at Changi camp and many were then were sent to work on the Thai/Siam-Burma railway, also known as the Railway of Death, alongside American, Australian and Dutch prisoners. Approximately 12,000 allied POWs died during the railway construction. Other POWs from his division were assigned to 'work parties' stationed around Singapore.

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Frank was liberated and is most likely to have returned to Britain via India/Ceylon. He had a long life, passing away in 1995, and is buried on the Great Packington estate.

 

German POWs at Packington Camp.

At the end of the Second World War in Europe, Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945. By 1946 approximately 400,000 German POWs were being held in Britain. Due to labour shortages after the losses in the war, Britain employed German POWs as agricultural labourers as a type of reparation. They were mostly treated in accordance with the Geneva Convention. The Ministry of Agriculture estimated that 25% of the labour force working on the land were German prisoners and said that they were essential to sustaining food production for the country in the post-war years. 

 

Stoneleigh near Coventry had a working camp, associated with a Military Hospital, for German POWs. This camp seems to have used the former US Barracks by Packington Hall as a satellite camp for further accommodation. Very few official lists of camps or prisoners survive and documentation is scarce for the majority of camp sites, but some evidence can be found in archives about Great Packington. The Imperial War Museum have a copy of a magazine produced in Packington at the camp called 'Weihnachten 1946' (Christmas 1946) and below is an example of a postcard, uncovered by English Heritage research in 2003. The postcard was written on 15 December 1946 by a man named Heinz Otho who was interned in the camp and gave 667 Packington Camp as his address. Buildings used by the camp can also be seen on contemporary maps.

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Credit: English Heritage. 

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Credit: National Library of Scotland. 

After the end of the Second World War, the Coventry German Circle was established by 3 Coventry citizens on 17 September 1946 with the aim to 'create opportunities for those interested in the German language and literature to increase their knowledge through discussions and talks' and 'be reconciled with their former enemies'. The founders had suffered losses during the war, such as Mr. Percy Harvey who lost his business on the night of the raid on Coventry in 1940 and Miss E. M. Rose whose mother died the day after the raid. The third founder Mr. W. J. Sharpe was a prominent member of the Christian Endeavour Movement. German refugees of Jewish descent were among the first members, along with prisoners of war from local POW camps, including Stoneleigh and Great Packington.​

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Sources

  • Ancestry Collections: 1939 England and Wales Register; England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1916-2007; UK, World War II Allied Prisoners of War, 1939-1945; UK and Allied Countries, World War II Liberated Prisoner of War Questionnaires, 1945-1946.

  • Captive Memories.

  • The Coventry German Circle.

  • Daws, Gavan (1994). Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. 

  • English Heritage.

  • Ferguson, Niall (2004), Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat', In: War in History, Vol. 11(2). pp. 148-192.

  • FindaGrave.

  • FindMyPast: British Newspapers Collection, 1710-1965.

  • Imperial War Museum.

  • International Humanitarian Law Database.

  • Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.

  • National Archives (Great Britain). 

  • Prisoner of War Research Network Japan (PRNJ).

  • Warfare History Network.

  • The Wartime Memories Project. 

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