Historic Buildings of Great Packington.

Great Packington had several listed buildings, including cottages, manor houses, a church and even a Japanese style footbridge!

The oldest buildings of the Dairy Farm. Credit: Geograph.

1500s – Dairy Farmhouse built.

The Dairy Farmhouse was originally built in the 1500s as an open hall with the floor and stack added in the mid-1600s. It was a timber framed structure, of a single storey and an attic, with a later brick infill. In the late 1800s a timbered, gable porch was added. Inside the hall, most of the rafters have been replaced but some of the original remain above the bay to the east. It features back-to-back inglenook hearths, a splat baluster staircase and there is stop-chamfered ceilings to the ground floor. Several other buildings have been added to the Farm over the years.

1550s – Whitestitch Cot built.

Whitestitch Cottage was built about 1550 and is a timber framed 2 storey building of traditional layout, set in a hamlet location. There is gabled lattice work on the porch, oak flooring throughout and large plank doors. The master bedroom is accessed by an oak spiral staircase, with the second bedroom having another oak staircase for access. The kitchen has countryside views to three sides and is behind the original inglenook chimney.

The building was added to in early to mid-1800s. It is now a great II listed building.

Credit: Onthemarket.

Birmingham Daily Post. 1996. Credit: FindMyPast.

1887 Ordnance Survey Map.

Credit: National Library of Scotland.

Credit: Our Warwickshire.

1600s – Packington watermills in operation.

Two mills were recorded at Great Packington in the Domesday Survey and were are noted frequently as belonging to the Packington Estate.

The corn mill was in operation during the 1600s and was situated about 700m west of where Packington Hall stands. The rear wall of the mill house was constructed out of huge sandstone blocks and brick. Throughout it's working life, the corn mill was served by a long leat (an artificial watercourse dug into the ground) from the Great Pool. The corn mill remained in operation until 1914. In the 1940s much of the iron work was removed for scrap and the mill house collapsed.

Old maps show this mill, for example Ordinance Survey mapping from 1887 records 'Packington Mill (corn)', whilst the 1937 map records that this is now disused.

The image, taken in 1971, shows the northern wheel pit from one of the mills. All that remains of the mill today is a pile rubble and the waterwheel.

Mid-Late 1600s – Warren House built.

Warren House Farm was built in the late 1600s and features exposed timber beams, Queen-strut roof trusses and a cement tiled roof. The inglenooks surrounding the large sandstone fireplace were reduced in width to accommodate a staircase in the 20th century. It also has 3 outbuildings.

Warren Farmhouse is now a Grade II listed building.

Credit: Packington Estate.

1679 - Packington Manor House.

The original Packington Manor House (now known as Packington Old Hall) was built for Sir Clement Fisher, 2nd Baronet, and his wife Jane Lane from 1679 to 1680. The building was described in 1690 as 'a sweet seat, near the road, with a park on the other side, with a fair lodge and an avenue of fir-trees to the hall'. Packington Manor House was the family residence until Packington Hall was built by his nephew the 3rd Baronet in 1693.

In an article about the history of the two Packington (Great and Little), published by the Coventry Standard in 1942, the Old Hall is featured: ‘There is another Packington Hall, little known, hidden away in the depths of the park. A little used footpath, buried in places under the tall bracken, runs from Maxstoke Road to Little Packington and passed within a few yards of its walled garden. Although called Old Packington Hall it was built only ten years before the ‘New’ Hall of Sir Clement Fisher and bears the dates 1679 and 1690. The house was long used as a farm, but recently its former glory has been restored.' An 1862 book also references when the house was inhabited by the estate Game Keepers.

In another newspaper article, published by the Birmingham Mail in 1939, there is a description which includes the interior of the building:
‘Though it is little known, there are really two Packington Halls. Hidden away in the depths of the vast park, about a mile from the “new“ hall, lies Packington Old Hall, perhaps one of the least known of old Warwickshire mansions. A late 17th century house of mellow brick and stone, with striking ogee gables, thick oak mullions, and massive entrance door, the deer may wander right up the steps of its picturesque projecting porch. Behind the hall is a walled garden with a great dovecote … The interior is fascinating, with its fine plaster ceiling and ancient woodwork. Particularly beautiful are the broad winding staircase, from which much paint had to be removed [during restoration], and the former state drawing room on the first floor with its superb foliage frieze. The huge kitchen has been converted into a dining hall, like that of Diddington Hall, not far away.’

Three dormer windows were added around 1700, the cellars are of a different plan to the house and the open staircase still survives with twisted balusters and a painted balustrade. The carriage porch was demolished in 1965.

Painting of Packington Old Hall by Frederick William Newton Whitehead, 1906.

Credit: Media Storehouse.

Credit: The Library of Birmingham.

Credit: Our Warwickshire.

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Packington Manor House. Credit: The Royal Miracle.

Dovecote. Credit: Our Warwickshire

The Old Hall stands in gardens enclosed by late 17th century brick walls and 20m south-west the gardens are bounded by the late 18th century brick Venison House. About 130m south-east of the Old Hall the earthwork remains of a medieval moated enclosure survive and a pool 20m south-east of the Old Hall feeds the Park Pool to the west.

There is also an oblong shaped brick Dovecote about 50m away, with a pyramidal roof. This would have been used for housing doves or pigeons. It has over 100 nesting places on 3 of the walls.

The Old Hall is now a Grade II listed building and the walls of the Kitchen Garden, Venison House and Dovecote are all also Grade II listed.

1693 - Packington Hall built.

The second Packington Hall was built for Sir Clement Fisher, 3rd Baronet, from 1693 and was constructed in grey sandstone ashlar. It incorporates a house built on the site in the 1520s. The Hall's main entrance is approached by flight of 4 stone steps.

The building has two storeys and an attic, with a basement concealed behind terraces. The first floor windows have pulvinated friezes and cornices. The main block on the ground floor has a central hall with flanking principal rooms.

The Hall was remodelled for the 3rd Earl by Matthew Brettingham from 1766, with the work continuing after Brettingham's death in 1769 under Henry Couchman. The Hall itself confirms this timeline of the enlargement with an inscription in the lead roof that reads: 'This house was built by Sir Clement Fisher Bar[one]t in the year 1693 and was cased with stone and enlarged by his grandson Heneage Earl of Aylesford in the year 1772. Henry Couchman, Surveyor of the work'.

The centre part of the roof was rebuilt in the 1980s following a fire in 1979, which damaged the attic storey and parts of the lower storeys, and the main staircase was restored in 1986. The renovations were kept as near as possible to the original design.

The present-day Hall is a Grade II Listed Building.

Credit: British Library, date unknown.

Credit: Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, 1815.

New Hall Bonomi Extension Plans Royal College of Architects.png

Plans by Joseph Bonomi for the addition of a pavilion to the south side of the Hall, 1779.

Credit: Royal College of Architects.

Postcard, 1933.

Credit: Ebay.

Credit: Our Warwickshire.

Credit: Historic Houses.

Stables were added to the Hall in the 1760s by the 3rd Earl of Aylesford, constructed by David Hiorn, to house horses and carriages. The stables were laid out as a perfectly square courtyard building and were built with buff sandstone ashlar. The 2 storey stable buildings have a low pitch slate pyramidal roof, have Palladian corner towers and feature Venetian windows. The main doorway has a moulded stone architrave on console brackets. The Stables are also Grade II listed buildings.

Stables. Credit: D5 Architects.

The main entrance to the grounds from the A45 road features a pair of wrought-iron gates which were presented to the Earl of Aylesford by his tennants in 1935.

The grounds of the Hall were designed by Lancelot Capability Brown in 1751, as one of his earlier commissions. He created a large serpentine lake (Hall Pool) by joining up several old mill and fish ponds in front of the Hall and suggested the remodelling of the Great Pool. The Great Pool was known in the late 18th century as the 'New River'. In the 1760s, the old London to Holyhead road which ran to the east of Packington Hall was diverted to outside the estate park by a private Act of Parliament. After this, Capability Brown's work was expanded upon in the 1770s, when the 4th Earl of Aylesford and Joseph Bonomi added 'an air of wildness' to the landscape. In 1785, land on Meriden Heath adjoining the park was enclosed and in 1787, the carriage turn outside the east of the Hall was levelled under the supervision of John Wedge .

Credit: Leamington Spa Courier via FindMyPast.

In the mid-1800s, a formal parterre (level space in a garden occupied by an ornamental arrangement of flower beds) was added to the lawn which slopes down to Hall Pool. This was removed in the 1900s. The south and west terraces were constructed to the design of Henry Hakewill in 1812, replacing terraces by Capability Brown. There were Cedars of Lebanon planted, a walled garden built and a wildflower meadow established. An ice house was built around this time.

In the estate park today, Packington Fisheries and the Stonebridge Golf Centre are in operation.

Images Credit: National Open Gardens Scheme and Flickr.

Early 1700s - Outwoods Farmhouse built.

Credit: Flickr.

Outwoods Farm was built in the early 1700s, on land recorded as le Outwode in 1346. The building is made of red brick Flemish bond, is 2 storeys and has a plain-tiled hipped roof with moulded brick eaves cornice. The central doorway has a mid/late 1800s timber porch with bargeboarding and there is a dogged brick band between the storeys. Outwoods is now a Grade II listed building.

Outwoods Farm was in the news in 1867, when a fire broke out at the property. There was a later suspicion that the fire was caused by arson and a £50 reward was offered for information about the crime, with £30 from the County Fire Office, £10 from the Earl of Aylesford and £10 from the tenant of Outwoods, Mrs Riley. It was also in the news in 1911, when John Bennett shot at his wife Jane Bennett and Police Constable Albert Barnett from inside the farm.

1782 to 1785 - Pompeian Gallery added to Packington Hall.

The Italian architect Joseph Bonomi began work in 1782 on a Pompeian Gallery at Packington Hall for the 4th Earl of Aylesford. It was intended to house the Earls' Etruscan vase collection.

The interior design is based on wall designs discovered in Pompei, Italy and the deep, rich red and black colours of ancient Greek vases. It also drew inspiration from the Domus Aurea (Nero's Golden House). The columns are in the Corinthian style.

Images Credit: Web Gallery of Art.

1788 - Forest Hall built for the Woodmen of the Ancient Forest of Arden.

Credit: Geograph.

1955 map. Credit: National Library of Scotland.

The closed and exclusive archery club the Woodsmen of the Ancient Forest of Arden was founded by Heneage Finch, 4th Earl of Aylesford, on 15 November 1785 at the Bulls Head Inn, Meriden, Warwickshire, also attended by 'Mr York, Mr Lewis, Mr William Dilke, Mr Charles Dilke and Mr Digby'. The 4th Earl was the organisations first 'warden' for perpetuity and Sir Robert Peel, the Prime Minister, was the most famous member on roll.

The ancient Royal Forests of England, also known as Kingswood or Queenswood, were under Forest Law and were policied by offices of woodmen called 'forester', 'verderer' and 'warden'. Toxophilites (lovers of archery) like the 4th Earl aimed to revive ancient archery traditions, even though it does not appear that the Forest of Arden was ever subject to this law.

In 1786, warden Wriothesly Digby erected turf butts at Great Packington Outwoods for the archers to shoot at, which were taken down in 1852 and replaced with moveable targets. Clout shoots take place at 9 and 12 score yards, using a clout of 30 inch diameter. The mode of scoring is against the shooter, so if the arrow breaks the line which divides two circles, the lower one has to be recorded.

Forest Hall. Credit: Internet Archive.

In 1788, the Forest Hall was built to accommodate the club, designed in collaboration with Joseph Bonomi, and it still acts as the Society's headquarters. In his diary Wriothesly Digby wrote on the completion of the hall that 'in the coved ceiling the word Arden, transfixed by an arrow, as on the seal and medals of the Society, is surrounded by a wreath of oak-leaves in relief. The dimensions of the room, which is oblong with the corners cut off, are 39 feet by 24 feet 6 inches. The corners thus afford accommodation to the Secretary's office, the dressing-rooms, and the kitchen. Round the hall are ranged the Aschams of the Woodmen, each bearing its owner's mark on the Forest Roll'. He concluded that 'its internal effect is extremely pleasing'. Another room was added in 1845, with £1300 raised by shares. This room was to be used as a dining-room and ball-room on ladies' days and features a bust by the famous sculptor Joseph Nollekens of Wriothesly Digby. Another bust of the 4th Earl of Aylesford was displayed in the Hall, reported to be the work of Thomas Hanks.

The names of competition prize winners from 1785 to 1885 are recorded on the original walls of the Forest Hall, then winners since 1885 have had their names recorded on a tablet in the newer room.

In 1787 a bugle-horn was presented to the society by the Warden of the Forest and in 1788 the Countess of Aylesford presented a silver arrow to be shot at during annual competitions at 9 score, followed by a gift of table linen spun in the Forest of Arden in 1790. In 1791 Walter Ewer Esq. presented a gift of 'Indian bows and arrows' to the Woodsmen and in 1818, Mr Digby presented a gold medal for the greatest number of hits at 100 yards. In 1887, the Royal Scottish archers presented a silver bowl as a challenge price for clout shooting.

In honour of the organisations centenary a roll of members was published for private circulation. The membership is restricted to 75 members, increasingly to 81 in the 1800s, who are invited to join after agreement from 2/3 members at the annual Wardmote.

Poem and pages from the Records publication, 1885.

Credit: Internet Archive.

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Credit: Coventry Herald, 12 April 1939, via FindMyPast.

According to rules established at a meeting in 1786: 'the uniform of this Society shall consist of a green coat, white waistcoat, and breeches, with the Arden button, in which every member shall appear at the shooting of every Target, and at every meeting.' This can be seen below. The bows used as crafted from yew trees grown in Oregon and are also used by the British Royal Company of Archers.

The club continues to operate today, with their annual Wardmote held during the 1st weekend in August at the Archery grounds.

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Woodsmen 1984 Collections Picture Library.jpg

Shooting at the 1984 Wardmote. Credit: Collections Picture Library.

Image of the Woodsmen today, in uniform. Credit: Mark Purcell, bespoke tailor.

1789 - Foundation of St. James Church.

In 1787, it was found that the steeple and building of the Great Packington parish church was in such a bad condition that the church was demolished. A new chapel was built 2 years later on the Packington Estate. Interesting, the older church was caught in the crossfire of the Reformation and government rulings being enforced at parish level. The churches' rood loft stayed intact a year after Queen Elizabeth I's decree that these structures were to be removed, but after a visit from the Archdeacon Lever, it was removed immediately.

St. James Church was built for the 4th Earl of Aylesford both to replace the parish church and to commemorate the return to sanity of King George III. During construction baptisms and marriages were held at St Bartholomew’s Church in the neighbouring parish of Little Packington. The foundation stone of St. James was laid on 23rd April 1789 and the chapel opened in 1791. The churchyard is planted with Irish yews and the church is framed by a group of oaks and Scottish pines.

The chapel was designed by Italian architect Joseph Bonomi the Elder, who had worked on the Pompeian Gallery in Packington Hall in earlier in the 1780s. The Church has has been described in several different ways, for example as a 'severe brick building', as 'one of the finest Italianate churches in England', as having 'little beauty of outward feature', as ‘something quite fresh and unexpected’, as 'unattractive', as ‘alien among the emphatically English park’ and as 'frankly ugly ... with a clumsy tower at each corner', It is the first example of a Greek revival church in England and David Watkin has stated that 'there was no more inventive Greek Revival monument than Packington Church anywhere in 18th century Europe.'

It is built in red brick, has sandstone dressings and panelled double doors and houses one of the oldest sanctus bells in Warwickshire. Another of it's bells was broken in 1805, whilst sounding the victory at the Battle of Trafalgar!

Design for St. James Church by Joseph Bonomi.

Credit: Ribapix.

The church was covered in a 1942 article in the Coventry Standard:
‘Great Packington Church, built just over 150 years ago, is about half a mile from either house [Packington Old Hall and Packington Hall]. Built from the plans of an Italian architect, it is said to be a replica of a church Rome that the Earl of Aylesford had much admired. Certainly it is so unlike the English scene that surrounds it that many people dislike it. Instead of the gloom and dignity of age which is such a picturesque and loveable feature of country churches, this church, which has dignity, too, had an effect of light which has been gained by the use of light grey stone, of altar rails and glistening white marble, and a dome in the roof. Behind the cross in the Sanctuary is a painting which represents angels looking through a break in the clouds. Coming in from the leafy park, where the trees throw their long arms of shade, the effect is one of surprise. The church was built because the old one had become unsafe.’

Credit: The Library of Birmingham, c. 1890s.

Credit: The Courtauld, date unknown.

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Interior of St. James, printed in Coventry Evening Telegraph, 1955. Credit: FindMyPast.

Credit: The Library of Birmingham, 1977.

The interior of the church tends to be described more favourably than the exterior and has even been called 'magnificantly monumental'. It features corner vaults, tunnel vaults to the bays at the sides and the walls are faced with colour-washing sandstone ashlar. The communion rail is made with white marble with symmetrically turned balusters. There is a painting of IHS, which is an abbreviation of the Greek name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, which translates to Jesus. The painting shows this Christogram in the sky with clouds and was painted by the Italian painter John Francis Rigaud. It is the only one of his decorative works that survives. The painting is set in a white marble altarpiece.

The church is now a Grade I listed building.

Credit: Ebay, date unknown.

St. James today. Credit: Flickr.

Late 1700s to Early 1800s - Parsonage Farmhouse built.

Parsonage Farmhouse was built in the late 1700s and is a two-storey building made of red brick. It features a symmetrical façade of segmental arches to tree-light wood casements,

It is sometimes recorded as ‘Kinwalsey’ and is now a Grade II listed building.

Credit: Our Warwickshire.

Early 1800s - Mill Farmhouse built.

Mill Farmhouse was built in the early 1800s and is a 2 storey building with an attic. It is made of red brick with a hipped, plain-tiled roof with ridge stack and has a symmetrical façade of 3 bays divided by pilaster strips. The west wall has
a band between the storeys.

It is now a Grade II listed building.

Credit: British Listed Buildings.

Credit: Geograph.

1810 and 1820s – Up and Down Post Inn trading.

The Up and Down Post Inn was a public house during the 1820s, featuring 2 reception rooms and 5 bedrooms. The licensed victuallers were Joseph Wall 1812-1821 then John Smart 1822-1827, then Jane Smart in 1828. It is now a private residence known as Rose Cottage.

The cottage has a cut mark on the South-East corner that was used as a benchmark during the First Primary Levelling of England and Wales (1840-60), by the Ordinance Survey.

Credit: Bench Marks Database.

Mid 1800s – Footbridge built.

A Japanese style footbridge, 150 Metres South-East of Packington Hall, was constructed in the mid-1800s. It is now a Grade II listed building.

Credit: British Listed Buildings..

Late 1960s to Mid 2010s - Packington Landfill site in operation.

Packington Landfill 1960s Birmingham Mail 1.webp

For nearly 50 years, the Packington Landfill site received waste from the city of Birmingham and other nearby areas. The site was known by locals as 'Packington Mountain'.

The site was at it's peak the largest landfill site in Europe and received an estimated 35 million tonnes of waste in total during the decades of operation. In 1986, the Secretary of State for the Environment visited. It gained a reputation for technical innovation, was the first in the UK to convert landfill gas into electricity and from 2004 introduced a composting operation.

Lord Aylesford at Packington Landfill Birmingham Mail 1973.webp

Packington-Landfill Arriving Trucks.webp

Images Credit: Birmingham Mail.

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